英国的教师标准
师资对学校的教学起到关键的作用，如何培养和训练好的师资的队伍，是学校建设的重要部分，也是高水平教学质量的保障。
对不同国家的教师标准进行研究和探索，可以更好地对不同教育体系下的标准进行比较和分析，从而达到对教师职业的深刻理解，并用以改善我们学校的教学实践。
英国的教师标准于2012年9月开始在英格兰推行，Sally Coates主持的教师标准独立审查报告是建立教师标准的基础。其实，仅知道标准其实是不够的，标准的实施过程以及评估的方法是理解标准的重要方式。
如何公正而客观地按照标准进行评估，是保证标准得到正确实施的根本。
张铁光教授、剑桥大学博士
上海金苹果学校国际部名誉校长
剑桥国际课程发展中心主席
About the standards
关于教师标准
These are the Teachers’ Standards for use in schools in England from September 2012. The standards define the minimum level of practice expected of trainees and teachers from the point of being awarded qualified teacher status (QTS).
这是是2012年9月开始在英国学校使用的教师标准。该标准以获得教师资格(QTS)的观点出发，对学员和教师所做的最低水平实践期望的定义。
The Teachers’ Standards are used to assess all trainees working towards QTS, and all those completing their statutory induction period. They are also used to assess the performance of all teachers with QTS who are subject to The Education (School Teachers’ Appraisal) (England) Regulations 2012, and may additionally be used to assess the performance of teachers who are subject to these regulations and who hold qualified teacher learning and skills (QTLS) status.
教师的标准是用来评估为获得QTS的所有学员所，以及所有完成其法定入职期的人员。标准也用来评估所有符合2012年教育(学校教师评价)(英格兰)条例的持有QTS的教师。此外，还可以用来评估满足这些条例的教师，以及持有合格教师学习和技能(QTLS)的教师。
The standards were introduced following the recommendations in the reports of the independent Review of Teachers’ Standards, chaired by Sally Coates. These reports are available from GOV.UK.
这些标准是在由Sally Coates主持的教师标准独立审查报告建议下引入的，这些报告可以从英国政府的网站上找到。
Who are the standards for?
标准是给谁的?
The Teachers’ Standards apply to:
教师标准适用于：
l trainees working towards QTS;
为获得QTS的学员;
l all teachers completing their statutory induction period (newly qualified teachers [NQTs]); and
所有完成他们法定入职期的教师(新合格的教师【NQTs】);
l teachers in maintained schools, including maintained special schools, who are covered by the 2012appraisal regulations.
公立学校的教师，包括由2012年评估规例所涵盖的特殊公立学校，。
The National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) will use Part Two of the Teachers’ Standards, which relates to personal and professional conduct, when assessing cases of serious misconduct, regardless of the education sector in which the teacher works.
无论教师服务于那个教育部门，当评估其严重不当行为情况时，国家教学和领导学院(NCTL)将采用教师标准的第二部分，它涉及到个人和职业的操守。
PREAMBLE
序言
Teachers make theeducation of their pupils their first concern, and are accountable for achieving the highest possible standards in work and conduct. Teachers act with honesty and integrity; have strong subject knowledge, keep their knowledge and skills as teachers up-to-date and are self-critical; forge positive professional relationships; and work with parents in the best interests of their pupils.
教师首先要关注学生的教育，并对在工作和行为中达到尽可能高的标准负责。教师要正直诚实，具有很强的学科知识，保持低作为教师的知识和技能的更新的和反思;建立积极的职业关系;为了学生的最佳利益和家长一起工作。
Part One: Teaching
部分一：教学
A teacher must:
教师必须：
1 Set high expectations which inspire, motivate and challenge pupils
设立激励、激发和挑战学生的高期望
l establish a safe and stimulating environment for pupils, rooted in mutual respect
在相互尊重的基础上，为学生建立安全和令人激动的环境
l set goals that stretch and challenge pupils of all backgrounds, abilities and dispositions
为各种背景、能力和性格的学生，设置竭尽所能和挑战性的目标
l demonstrate consistently the positive attitudes, values and behaviour which are expected of pupils.
表现出对学生的态度、价值观和行为期望的一贯积极态度。
2 Promote good progress and outcomes by pupils
促进学生良好的进步和成果
l be accountable for pupils’ attainment, progress and outcomes
对学生的成就、进展和结果负责
l be aware of pupils’ capabilities and their prior knowledge, and plan teaching to build on these
知道学生的能力和他们的先前的知识，并据此计划教学
l guide pupils to reflect on the progress they have made and their emerging needs
引导学生反思他们所取得的进步和他们新的需求
l demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how pupils learn and how this impacts on teaching
展示对学生如何学习以及它是如何影响教学的知识和了解，
l encourage pupils to take a responsible and conscientious attitude to their own work and study.
鼓励学生对自己的工作和学习采取认真负责的态度。
3 Demonstrate good subject and curriculum knowledge
展示良好的学科和课程知识
l have a secure knowledge of the relevant subject(s) and curriculum areas, foster and maintain pupils’ interest in the subject, and address misunderstandings
掌握有关学科和课程领域有把握的知识，培养和维护学生对本学科的兴趣，解决其产生的误解
l demonstrate a critical understanding of developments in the subject and curriculum areas, and promote the value of scholarship
展示对学科和课程领域发展批判性的理解，提升学术上的价值
l demonstrate an understanding of and take responsibility for promoting high standards of literacy, articulacy and the correct use of standard English, whatever the teacher’s specialist subject
无论什么专业学科的教师，都要展示对促进高标准素养、表达能力和标准英语正确使用的理解和负有的责任
l if teaching early reading, demonstrate a clear understanding of systematic synthetic phonics
如果教早期阅读，展示对系统合成语音的清晰理解
l if teaching early mathematics, demonstrate a clear understanding of appropriate teaching strategies.
如果教初期数学，展示对适当教学策略的清晰理解。
4 Plan and teach well structured lessons
良好结构课程的计划和教学
l impart knowledge and develop understanding through effective use of lesson time
通过有效地利用课堂时间传授知识和发展理解
l promote a love of learning and children’s intellectual curiosity
促进学习的热爱和孩子的求知欲
l set homework and plan other out-of-class activities to consolidate and extend the knowledge and understanding pupils have acquired
布置作业和计划其它的课外活动，以巩固和扩大学生获得的知识和理解
l reflect systematically on the effectiveness of lessons and approaches to teaching
系统地反思课堂教学和方法的有效性
l contribute to the design and provision of an engaging curriculum within the relevant subject area(s).
在相关学科领域内，有助于设计和提供引人入胜的课程。
5 Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils
采用适合的教学以应对所有学生的长处和需要
l know when and how to differentiate appropriately, using approaches which enable pupils to be taught effectively
知道何时以及如何适当地区分，使用让学生有效地被教的方法
l have a secure understanding of how a range of factors can inhibit pupils’ ability to learn, and how best to overcome these
具有对一系列可以抑制学生学习能力因素的有把握的理解，以及如何最好地克服这些因素
l demonstrate an awareness of the physical, social and intellectual development of children, and know how to adapt teaching to support pupils’ education at different stages of development
展示对孩子的身体、社会和智力发展情况的知晓，知道如何采用支持不同发展阶段孩子教育的教学
l have a clear understanding of the needs of all pupils, including those with special educational needs; those of high ability; those with English as an additional language; those with disabilities; and be able to use and evaluate distinctive teaching approachesto engage and support them.
清楚地了解所有学生的需要，包括有特殊教育需要的、有高能力的、有英语作为附加语言的、有残疾的学生;能够使用和评价参与和支持他们的独特教学方法。
6 Make accurate and productive use of assessment
做出准确的评估，积极地使用评估的结果
l know and understand how to assess the relevant subject and curriculum areas, including statutory assessment requirements
知道并理解如何评估相关科目和课程领域，包括法定的评估要求
l make use of formative and summative assessment to secure pupils’ progress
运用形成性和终结性评价以确保学生进步
l use relevant data to monitor progress, set targets, and plan subsequent lessons
使用相关数据监控进度，设定目标，并计划后续的课程
l give pupils regular feedback, both orally and through accurate marking, and encourage pupils to respond to the feedback.
给学生定期做口头和准确评分的反馈，并鼓励学生对反馈做出回应。
7 Manage behaviour effectively to ensure a good and safe learning environment
有效地管理行为以确保良好和安全的学习环境
l have clear rules and routines for behaviour in classrooms, and take responsibility for promoting good and courteous behaviour both in classrooms and around the school, in accordance with the school’s behaviour policy
有明确的教室规则和行为程序，依照学校的行为策略，对促进在教室和学校周围良好礼貌行为负责
l have high expectations of behaviour, and establish a framework for discipline with a range of strategies, using praise, sanctions and rewards consistently and fairly
具有很高的行为期望，使用始终如一的表扬、制裁和奖励以及公平，建立具有一系列策略的纪律框架
l manage classes effectively, using approaches which are appropriate to pupils’ needs in order to involve and motivate them
有效地管理班级，使用适合学生需求的方法，以吸引和激励他们
l maintain good relationships with pupils, exercise appropriate authority, and act decisively when necessary.
与学生保持良好的关系，行使适当的职权，在必要时要果断采取行动。
8 Fulfill wider professional responsibilities
履行更广泛的专业责任
l make a positive contribution to the wider life and ethos of the school
为学校更广泛的生活和风气作出积极的贡献
l develop effective professional relationships with colleagues, knowing how and when to draw on advice and specialist support
与同事建立有效的职业关系，知道如何以及何时听取意见和得到专家的支持
l deploy support staff effectively
有效地支持员工
l take responsibility for improving teaching through appropriate professional development, responding to advice and feedback from colleagues
负责通过适当的专业发展来改进教学，回应同事的建议和反馈
l communicate effectively with parents with regard to pupils’ achievements and well-being.
就学生的成就和幸福与家长进行有效沟通。
PART TWO: PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
第二部分：个人与职业行为
A teacher is expected to demonstrate consistently high standards of personal and professional conduct. The following statements define the behaviour and attitudes which set the required standard for conduct throughout a teacher’s career.
教师要表现出一贯的高标准个人和专业行为。下面的陈述定义了在教师职业生涯中设定要求标准的行为和态度。
l Teachers uphold public trust in the profession and maintain high standards of ethics and behaviour, within and outside school, by:
教师在校内和校外，都要秉承行业的公众信任和维护伦理道德的高标准：
² treating pupils with dignity, building relationships rooted in mutual respect, and at all times observing proper boundaries appropriate to a teacher’s professional position
尊重学生，建立以相互尊重为基础的关系，并时刻观察适合于教师职业地位的适当界限
² having regard for the need to safeguard pupils’ well-being, in accordance with statutory provisions
依照法律条文，考虑维护学生幸福感方面的需要
² showing tolerance of and respect for the rights of others
表示宽容和尊重他人的权利
² not undermining fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect, and tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs
不破坏英国的基本价值观，包括民主、法治、个人自由和相互尊重，以及对那些不同宗教和信仰的宽容
² ensuring that personal beliefs are not expressed in ways which exploit pupils’ vulnerability or might lead them to break the law.
确保个人信念不以利用学生的脆弱性或可能导致其违反法律的方式进行表达
l Teachers must have proper and professional regard for the ethos, policies and practices of the school in which they teach, and maintain high standards in their own attendance andpunctuality.
教师必须对他们所任教的学校的风气、政策和实践有适当而专业的关注，并保持高标准的出勤率和准时性。
l Teachers must have an understanding of, and always act within, the statutory frameworks which set out their professional duties and responsibilities.
教师必须理解设定他们专业职责和责任的法定框架，并始终在其内行动。
